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Translation and subtitling
<i>Meotian</i>

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This is a 16 inch <i>RCA Victor</i> TV

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It's like the one my dad bought

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at the end of the 40s

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The first Italian films
that I remember

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I saw them on this small screen

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with my family around me

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in a room like this

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Now I'm American
so when i decided

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to make films, I naturally thought

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that my place is in Hollywood

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If you are a director in America,

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you make movies there

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But the more films I made,

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the more I realized
how much it marked me

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Italian cinema

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As a filmmaker, I'm somewhat captive

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I never felt
Hollywood director,

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or at least what I think

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that a Hollywood director should be

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And, obviously, I'm not an Italian filmmaker either,

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so i think i'm somewhere in the middle

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I think that's the only way I feel comfortable

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Nowadays, it seems that only
American cinema exists

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The others are secondary,
including Italian cinema

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That worries me

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Actually, that's the reason
that's why I'm making this documentary

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I know that if I had never seen the movies

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which I will talk about here,
I would have been a different person

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and, of course, a very different filmmaker

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I think always
I associated watching movies

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with my family

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I remember very well that my father

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he took me to the cinema

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and we both shared those images

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and the extraordinary emotion on the screen

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It left an impression
so strong on me

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so that today, a large part of the desire

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and the need to express myself through film,

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it comes from that experience with my father

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My father was a worker

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It was a clothes iron
in New York

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He liked movies, and movies

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we could communicate

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When I was watching movies on TV

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the whole family was there

47
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my grandparents, mother and father
and sometimes my brother Frank

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Television was very different back then

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There is no cable, no color TV

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and no satellites

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There were only a few channels available,
3 or 4 channels,

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and these channels

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they were always in desperate need of programs

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<i>Francisco!</i>

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<i>Francisco!</i>

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<i>Francisco, the Germans, the fascists!</i>

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Friday night was different

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because there were so many of them
Italian Americans in New York

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so that a broadcast station
Italian movies with subtitles

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There weren't many TVs in the neighborhood,

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so friends and relatives came

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and they watched these movies with us

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<i>My son! My son!</i>

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Italy was barely emerging from the disaster
of World War II,

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and the movies I was watching

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they had very strong images

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ROME, OPEN CITY

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<i>Francisco! Francisco!</i>

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Nina! Nina!</i>

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<i>Francisco!
Damn you!</i>

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<i>Let me pass! Francisco!</i>

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<i>Let me pass!</i>

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<i>Let me pass! Francisco!</i>

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<i>Francisco!</i>

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<i>Stop it!</i>

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Mother! Mother!</i>

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Some pictures
they were so emotional

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so moving

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so my grandparents started to cry

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They left Sicily in 1909, 1910

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and came to America,

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and now they were watching on TV

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what they had left behind

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what had happened to their country,
what she had become

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Looking at their faces,

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I found out what my grandparents were really like

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and that this was the country they called <i>home</i>

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It was overwhelming,

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because for the first time

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I became aware
that's where I came from

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I saw them suffer
along with the people in the film

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They felt protected here in America

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I could see they were relieved

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and guilt at the same time

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It could have been them up there on the screen

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God. Forgive me, and them...</i>

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ROME, OPEN CITY

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My world was coming together
from our apartment, the church,

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school a block away,
the sweet shop around the corner

100
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Suddenly, it became much bigger

101
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My grandparents were Sicilian immigrants,
who only spoke Sicilian

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They never became American citizens

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They could hardly speak or write English,

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although they had a reasonable Italian culture

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My father's family
he was from Polizzi Generosa,

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province of Palermo,

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and the mother's family from Cimina,

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which is also in the province of Palermo

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The people of these 2 cities

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they lived opposite each other,

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on Elizabeth Street in New York,

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but they kept their distance

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This was just one
among many customs

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inherited from the old world

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My grandparents didn't have much
to do with America

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My parents, their children,

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they went to work every morning

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as if he had ventured
in an unknown territory,

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which was just around the corner

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Then, every evening, they returned home

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on Elizabeth Street, which is right here

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Actually the building I'm sitting on

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it's the one I grew up in, 253 Elizabeth

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Elizabeth Street was Sicily,
and each building was another village

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Only after a few years did marriages appear

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between people from different buildings

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Over the years, I've tried

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to find out as much as possible about

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my family history and where we come from

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I learned that Polizzi, my father's town,

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was a center for
Benedictine monks

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who were returning from the crusades

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and that the city was called Gennaroza
by Frederick II,

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who was the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

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At one point in Cimina,
my mother's hometown

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there were just as many churches
how many people were there

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Greeks passed through these villages,

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Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines,
Saracens, Normans,

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french, spanish,
and in the 20th century the Nazis

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and then the Americans

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They outlived everyone

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My grandparents took the ability
of survival with them

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when they left Sicily,
and they never came back

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This is a Sicilian street festival

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San Ciro Festival,
the patron saint of the city of Cimina

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Only Cimina is not here

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It's Elizabeth Street in New York

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This is a movie I saw

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for the first time recently

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My cousin gave it to me

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It was filmed 60 years ago by my uncle,

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his father, before I was born

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Seeing these pictures,
what the world was then

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my world a world gone now

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it came to mind in an instant

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These images were filmed
in my grandparents' apartment,

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my father's parents

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That's how I remember him

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crowded people

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small rooms

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It's a special event.

162
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it must be a wedding or a christening,
I'm not sure

163
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This is my father's mother,

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and here is my father's father

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and my mother's mother

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This is my father playing the mandolin

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I have to say I don't remember him

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to have ever looked like that

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I remember him a little older,
fatter and balder

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Here is my father's mother again,

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in front of the store they had then

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This is my father's father

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I've always heard of this shop,

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but this is the first time I see pictures of him

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The woman with the shopping bag

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she is my mother's mother

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He is about to enter her building

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This is the building where my mother was born

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I didn't think I'd see it again
these people moving

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This is the world of my childhood,

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the world made by people like my grandparents,

182
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in search of a better life

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They never taught me
about where i came from

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and I never asked them

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I learned by watching them

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and films about their native country

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and so, they were my first connection

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with that ancient land, Sicily

189
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If you are poor in Sicily,

190
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and my grandparents and their families
they were very poor

191
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life can be very hard

192
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That's why so many
Sicilians came to America

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The lesson of survival
passed down for centuries,

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which was brought to the new world,

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it's a pretty brutal one

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This is:

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<i>Think twice
before you trust</i>

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<i>in someone outside your family</i>

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Think about it

200
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Your country, your homeland, changes its master

201
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again and again, for thousands of years

202
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So who can you trust?

203
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In government?

204
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In the police?

205
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In the church?

206
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No

207
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Only in your family
only in your blood

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So, with my family

209
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I started watching
and to love Italian cinema,

210
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with a special predilection

211
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for films set in Sicily

212
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As I grew up

213
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I was watching Italian movies
as many times as I could

214
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Copies were usually enough
of bad, scratched, glued

215
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Or I saw them on TV,

216
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dubbed in english,
interrupted by commercials

217
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and cut to save time

218
00:12:31,078 --> 00:12:33,378
But the movies had an effect
so strong on me

219
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so it doesn't matter anymore

220
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In time, I saw
most of these movies

221
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many times
and their impact on me

222
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never lost weight

223
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The first Italian film
that I saw as a child,

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it was on tv

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and it was <i>Paisa</i>

226
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This was in 1948,
so I was about 6 years old

227
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<i>Paisa</i> has 6 episodes

228
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about the allied army,
the Americans and the British

229
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as they made their way through Italy,

230
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from south to north, driving out the Germans

231
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The episodes that impressed us
the most

232
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when i was watching the movie

233
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they were about sacrifices

234
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These sacrifices were for something

235
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what I didn't understand then,

236
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at such a young age

237
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They were for freedom

238
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<i>Partisan</i>

239
00:13:42,081 --> 00:13:44,254
In the <i>Napoli</i> episode of <i>Paisa</i>,

240
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I saw something that shocked me very much

241
00:13:46,629 --> 00:13:49,332
I understood that if my family
would not have left Italy

242
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I could have been one of
those children on the screen,

243
00:13:51,909 --> 00:13:54,699
reduced to stealing shoes
and sell them on the black market

244
00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:57,394
<i>- Do you want to make 50 pounds?
- No. I want 200</i>s

245
00:13:57,503 --> 00:13:59,937
<i>- What should I do?
- Follow the street</i>

246
00:14:00,005 --> 00:14:01,760
<i>Watch out for the police</i>

247
00:14:01,861 --> 00:14:03,294
<i>We're going to rob a nigger</i>

248
00:14:03,395 --> 00:14:05,840
Even buying and selling the right

249
00:14:05,940 --> 00:14:07,260
to rob American soldiers

250
00:14:07,346 --> 00:14:10,440
<i>Look at those beautiful teeth
It cost me 220 pounds

251
00:14:10,540 --> 00:14:12,775
Some teeth, right? But his coat is torn</i>

252
00:14:12,876 --> 00:14:14,699
<i>- Have you seen his boots?
- It's broken</i>

253
00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:16,910
These kids were already hardened

254
00:14:17,010 --> 00:14:18,867
of war and its consequences,

255
00:14:18,968 --> 00:14:20,325
The police! Run, police!</i>

256
00:14:20,426 --> 00:14:22,339
but they learned all the tricks

257
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Like this one

258
00:14:23,740 --> 00:14:26,212
They created panic for
remove the soldier,

259
00:14:26,313 --> 00:14:28,055
their victim, of competition

260
00:14:28,507 --> 00:14:30,732
This must be seen in context

261
00:14:30,833 --> 00:14:33,960
Back then I was watching
to all Hollywood movies

262
00:14:34,060 --> 00:14:35,420
That's what I was used to

263
00:14:35,745 --> 00:14:37,670
I liked <i>western</i>s

264
00:14:38,346 --> 00:14:39,872
The costumes, the sets

265
00:14:39,973 --> 00:14:43,039
Places as far away as possible
of New York

266
00:14:43,140 --> 00:14:45,592
I especially liked Roy Rogers

267
00:14:45,987 --> 00:14:49,107
Those films and images were very simple

268
00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:52,534
Their stories were very simple

269
00:14:52,912 --> 00:14:54,711
Even though they captivated me,

270
00:14:54,939 --> 00:14:56,498
I knew they weren't real

271
00:14:56,599 --> 00:14:59,615
Actually, that's why I liked them,
they were fantasies

272
00:15:00,200 --> 00:15:02,573
It's amazing to think about now and realize

273
00:15:02,674 --> 00:15:05,524
that on the same day that I could see
a Roy Rogers movie,

274
00:15:05,625 --> 00:15:08,469
I was going home
and I was watching <i>Paisa</i> on TV

275
00:15:09,246 --> 00:15:11,466
I mean <i>Paisa</i> wasn't a fantasy,

276
00:15:11,790 --> 00:15:13,591
especially the <i>Napoli</i> episode

277
00:15:13,692 --> 00:15:15,887
<i>Go, Joe. Go ahead. Go</i>

278
00:15:16,381 --> 00:15:19,182
<i>Don't scare me, you giant Moor...</i>

279
00:15:19,357 --> 00:15:22,019
<i>because I am white and you are black</i>

280
00:15:22,120 --> 00:15:24,150
Like this scene where the child

281
00:15:24,250 --> 00:15:26,180
lead the drunken soldier named Joe,

282
00:15:26,281 --> 00:15:29,439
at a puppet theater for
to hide him from the other children

283
00:15:29,540 --> 00:15:30,800
joe feels good

284
00:15:30,900 --> 00:15:33,210
but when he realizes that the crowd is cheering

285
00:15:33,310 --> 00:15:37,550
the story of a white knight knocking
a moor, a black knight,

286
00:15:38,156 --> 00:15:39,817
something is triggered in him

287
00:15:39,918 --> 00:15:41,883
It's too similar to prejudice

288
00:15:41,984 --> 00:15:44,099
with which he must live
every day at home

289
00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:45,873
Get out! You're ruining the show!</i>

290
00:15:45,974 --> 00:15:47,872
It was the first movie I saw

291
00:15:47,973 --> 00:15:49,399
about racial tensions?

292
00:15:49,500 --> 00:15:50,782
I'm not sure

293
00:15:51,462 --> 00:15:52,946
But it was definitely the first

294
00:15:53,047 --> 00:15:55,047
where the places seemed real

295
00:15:55,672 --> 00:15:57,610
They didn't look like decorations

296
00:15:57,873 --> 00:15:59,885
Of course, I did not know that these films

297
00:15:59,986 --> 00:16:01,432
they were part of the named movement

298
00:16:01,533 --> 00:16:02,568
<i>Neorealism</i>

299
00:16:02,669 --> 00:16:05,384
which stirred moviegoers all over the world

300
00:16:06,641 --> 00:16:08,378
<i>I don't want to go back home</i>

301
00:16:08,479 --> 00:16:10,479
<i>My house is a shack</i>

302
00:16:10,580 --> 00:16:12,179
<i>with tin doors</i>

303
00:16:12,280 --> 00:16:13,919
<i>Doesn't need a key</i>

304
00:16:14,020 --> 00:16:15,674
<i>I don't want to play anymore</i>

305
00:16:16,560 --> 00:16:18,160
<i>I don't want to go home</i>

306
00:16:27,386 --> 00:16:29,911
<i>If you fall asleep, I'll steal your boots</i>

307
00:16:30,559 --> 00:16:32,559
The climax of the Naples episode

308
00:16:32,660 --> 00:16:34,931
was the most disturbing part of it

309
00:16:35,032 --> 00:16:37,299
A few days later,
after joe woke up

310
00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:38,400
<i>Hey, you!</i>

311
00:16:38,547 --> 00:16:39,879
he sees the kid on the street

312
00:16:39,980 --> 00:16:41,480
He wants his boots back

313
00:16:41,877 --> 00:16:43,339
<i>You stole my boots!</i>

314
00:16:43,479 --> 00:16:46,599
<i>- I told you I would if you fell asleep!
- Where do you live?

315
00:16:46,700 --> 00:16:47,778
<i>Take me to your house</i>

316
00:16:47,879 --> 00:16:49,765
<i>- Where is your house?
- I don't have !</i>

317
00:16:49,866 --> 00:16:51,145
<i>- Come on, take me!</i>

318
00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:55,339
They go to the suburbs of Naples

319
00:16:55,440 --> 00:16:57,440
<i>Go and get my boots!</i>

320
00:16:58,139 --> 00:17:00,459
The kid gives Joe a pair
of old boots, some

321
00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:02,460
His boots are long gone

322
00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:05,762
These are not my boots!
Take me to your parents

323
00:17:06,427 --> 00:17:07,427
<i>How many boots do you have?</i>

324
00:17:07,527 --> 00:17:08,769
The boy takes him to the place

325
00:17:08,869 --> 00:17:11,499
where he lives now
Mergelina cave,

326
00:17:11,599 --> 00:17:14,230
where the victims of the Allied bombings

327
00:17:14,330 --> 00:17:16,996
they arrived after their houses were destroyed

328
00:17:41,479 --> 00:17:45,579
Joe has seen a lot,
but he has never seen anything like this

329
00:17:50,313 --> 00:17:51,743
And neither do I

330
00:17:59,819 --> 00:18:01,702
<i>Where are your mother and father?</i>

331
00:18:04,063 --> 00:18:05,476
I don't understand you

332
00:18:13,070 --> 00:18:14,750
<i>Where are mom and dad?</i>

333
00:18:16,467 --> 00:18:20,664
<i>Mom and dad are not here anymore
They are dead. The bombs. Boom-boom!</i>

334
00:18:21,300 --> 00:18:23,360
Do you understand? Bombs
Boom! Boom!</i>

335
00:18:47,905 --> 00:18:50,444
The emotion of this film was so strong

336
00:18:50,545 --> 00:18:52,049
so you could feel it

337
00:18:52,150 --> 00:18:55,269
even in the worst children
ever seen

338
00:18:55,646 --> 00:18:58,812
That's how I saw <i>Paisa</i> on TV in 1948

339
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:03,660
The copy was so dark,

340
00:19:03,761 --> 00:19:06,472
so I could barely see what was happening

341
00:19:07,866 --> 00:19:11,633
However, everything that was important was visible

342
00:19:17,700 --> 00:19:19,820
In the version released in America,

343
00:19:19,921 --> 00:19:21,674
the only one i saw

344
00:19:21,775 --> 00:19:25,299
they used a map
to present each episode

345
00:19:25,633 --> 00:19:28,173
The episode <i>Sicilia</i> is the first in the film,

346
00:19:29,193 --> 00:19:32,379
and for my family
was obviously the most important

347
00:19:32,918 --> 00:19:35,518
When it started, everyone in the room

348
00:19:35,759 --> 00:19:37,313
she became very attentive

349
00:19:38,091 --> 00:19:39,104
<i>Go!</i>

350
00:19:39,212 --> 00:19:41,234
<i>Nicuzzo!</i>

351
00:19:41,906 --> 00:19:42,906
<i>Nicuzzo!</i>

352
00:19:43,141 --> 00:19:45,028
<i>What do you want? Who are you?</i>

353
00:19:45,129 --> 00:19:48,479
I remember that woman's voice
who was screaming in the background

354
00:19:48,580 --> 00:19:51,320
strongly moved the elders in the room

355
00:19:51,714 --> 00:19:52,972
It was their dialect,

356
00:19:53,073 --> 00:19:54,806
it was the language they spoke

357
00:19:54,954 --> 00:19:57,529
<i>- Are you American?
- Yes, Americans!</i>

358
00:19:58,103 --> 00:20:00,532
Soldiers arrive ready for battle,

359
00:20:00,633 --> 00:20:02,489
but the Germans just left

360
00:20:02,590 --> 00:20:04,302
Instead, they find the locals

361
00:20:04,403 --> 00:20:07,739
<i>My son was in Licata 10 days ago</i>

362
00:20:07,840 --> 00:20:11,209
When American soldiers
they start speaking italian,

363
00:20:11,310 --> 00:20:14,370
their dialect is similar
with my uncle's

364
00:20:14,471 --> 00:20:16,226
because he was an American-Sicilian

365
00:20:16,327 --> 00:20:19,187
<i>Fear not, madam
No one will harm</i>him

366
00:20:19,929 --> 00:20:22,177
But my uncle spoke better than him

367
00:20:22,278 --> 00:20:23,620
<i>You speak Italian!</i>

368
00:20:23,721 --> 00:20:25,128
<i>And you are Italian?</i>

369
00:20:25,229 --> 00:20:28,019
Yes. My father is Sicilian
He was born in Gela

370
00:20:28,493 --> 00:20:31,155
Ice cream? I'm from there too

371
00:20:31,263 --> 00:20:33,254
<i>- What is his name?
- Tony Mascovi</i>

372
00:20:33,355 --> 00:20:35,666
<i>- He is not from Gela
- He really is from there,</i>

373
00:20:35,767 --> 00:20:37,064
<i>then he moved to America.</i>

374
00:20:37,169 --> 00:20:39,959
<i>There are no Muscovis in Gela
He is not from Gela

375
00:20:40,060 --> 00:20:42,904
<i>They come here, they tell a bunch of lies
and you believe them</i>

376
00:20:43,005 --> 00:20:44,275
<i>Goodbye freedom</i>

377
00:20:44,376 --> 00:20:46,600
<i>- Where did they put the mines?
- Along the coast...</i>

378
00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,789
The only one who can lead the Americans
beyond the German mines

379
00:20:49,890 --> 00:20:51,704
there is a girl named Carmela,

380
00:20:52,005 --> 00:20:55,447
because he climbs rocks every day
in search of her father and brother,

381
00:20:55,548 --> 00:20:57,225
who are lost at sea

382
00:20:57,326 --> 00:21:00,491
<i>I tried to leave the church
to look</i>for them

383
00:21:00,592 --> 00:21:02,423
<i>They are afraid to let me go alone</i>

384
00:21:02,527 --> 00:21:05,758
<i>I'll take you. I know the road very well
I will come with you

385
00:21:05,859 --> 00:21:08,397
<i>You can't leave with these people
which you do not know!</i>

386
00:21:08,500 --> 00:21:10,195
<i>Where are you going?</i>

387
00:21:13,266 --> 00:21:16,431
After leading the platoon to safety
through the minefield,

388
00:21:16,532 --> 00:21:19,280
Carmela must
to stay behind as an observer,

389
00:21:19,381 --> 00:21:21,544
with one of the soldiers
named Joe

390
00:21:22,477 --> 00:21:23,757
<i>What, are you afraid?</i>

391
00:21:24,169 --> 00:21:25,910
There were many Joes in <i>Paisa</i>

392
00:21:26,913 --> 00:21:28,587
he doesn't speak italian

393
00:21:28,688 --> 00:21:30,120
<i>Are you a fascist?</i>

394
00:21:30,908 --> 00:21:32,475
<i>Of course you are</i>

395
00:21:32,576 --> 00:21:34,309
and she doesn't speak english

396
00:21:34,410 --> 00:21:35,687
<i>Don't be an idiot!</i>

397
00:21:35,903 --> 00:21:37,228
<i>Good girl</i>

398
00:21:37,428 --> 00:21:38,944
<i>Then you are not a fascist</i>

399
00:21:39,044 --> 00:21:41,430
She makes sure Joe
covers his lighter's flame

400
00:21:41,531 --> 00:21:44,443
because she knows that the Germans
may still be nearby

401
00:21:44,544 --> 00:21:47,169
<i>You feel strong because you have a gun
You are all the same!</i>

402
00:21:47,270 --> 00:21:49,950
<i>Come on, we have a few hours here together</i>

403
00:21:50,050 --> 00:21:51,443
<i>I don't feel like arguing</i>

404
00:21:52,476 --> 00:21:54,048
<i>Come on, Carmela, smile</i>

405
00:21:55,489 --> 00:22:01,489
Look: <i>Paisa, Spaghetti,
Bambini, Mangiari, Mussolini</i>

406
00:22:02,850 --> 00:22:03,850
<i>What about you?</i>

407
00:22:03,950 --> 00:22:05,869
<i>Is your English better than my Italian?</i>

408
00:22:05,970 --> 00:22:07,219
<i>Let's try you</i>

409
00:22:07,356 --> 00:22:09,833
<i>- Look, I'm Joe, do you understand?
- Joe</i>'s

410
00:22:10,192 --> 00:22:11,229
<i>Okay, okay</i>

411
00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:12,713
<i>You are first in the class</i>

412
00:22:12,814 --> 00:22:14,395
<i>Okay, now try this</i>

413
00:22:14,496 --> 00:22:15,576
<i>I Joe, boy</i>

414
00:22:15,770 --> 00:22:17,581
<i>- You Carmela, girl
- Girl</i>

415
00:22:17,682 --> 00:22:19,561
<i>Okay, okay, you're doing well</i>

416
00:22:19,662 --> 00:22:21,469
<i>We are friends, do you understand?</i>

417
00:22:21,570 --> 00:22:22,570
<i>Friends</i>

418
00:22:23,450 --> 00:22:24,896
<i>Good girl, good girl</i>

419
00:22:25,023 --> 00:22:27,169
Finally, they relax

420
00:22:27,270 --> 00:22:28,790
<i>We have a garden</i>

421
00:22:29,570 --> 00:22:31,181
<i>My mother grows tomatoes</i>

422
00:22:31,470 --> 00:22:34,221
<i>My sister and I got hitched
a rope between 2 feathers,</i>

423
00:22:34,322 --> 00:22:35,582
<i>to rock</i>

424
00:22:36,256 --> 00:22:37,256
<i>Here, look</i>

425
00:22:38,083 --> 00:22:39,390
They relax...

426
00:22:39,490 --> 00:22:40,490
<i>See?</i>

427
00:22:40,590 --> 00:22:42,409
<i>No, she looks much better in real life</i>

428
00:22:42,510 --> 00:22:43,984
so Joe lets his guard down

429
00:22:45,230 --> 00:22:46,697
<i>Sister</i>

430
00:22:50,896 --> 00:22:53,612
<i>- Why did you shoot?
- I saw a light

431
00:22:54,966 --> 00:22:56,300
<i>I saw a light</i>

432
00:23:00,239 --> 00:23:03,479
Joe is seriously injured,
and Carmela closes the shutter

433
00:23:03,580 --> 00:23:06,592
from above it to hide it from the Germans

434
00:23:12,032 --> 00:23:14,198
<i>This could be a romantic place</i>

435
00:23:14,299 --> 00:23:16,420
<i>If the Americans weren't here!</i>

436
00:23:18,254 --> 00:23:21,538
<i>I was right
A real lair of pirates

437
00:23:21,639 --> 00:23:23,539
Look! There's someone there</i>

438
00:23:25,404 --> 00:23:27,304
<i>What are you doing here?</i>

439
00:23:27,372 --> 00:23:30,663
- Why did you run away from the village?
- Because I was afraid

440
00:23:31,169 --> 00:23:32,852
She tries to distract them

441
00:23:32,953 --> 00:23:34,595
He pretends to be afraid

442
00:23:34,696 --> 00:23:37,381
and is glad that the Germans
they came to protect her

443
00:23:37,482 --> 00:23:40,076
<i>You had a date with your boyfriend, didn't you?</i>

444
00:23:40,185 --> 00:23:41,584
<i>Hands down!</i>

445
00:23:41,685 --> 00:23:43,909
<i>He'd have to be crazy not to show up</i>

446
00:23:44,562 --> 00:23:46,111
<i>I'm right, aren't I?</i>

447
00:23:47,099 --> 00:23:49,716
When Carmela succeeds
finally to sneak away

448
00:23:49,817 --> 00:23:51,157
to see what he does

449
00:23:51,258 --> 00:23:53,237
her new friend joe is dead

450
00:24:06,356 --> 00:24:08,512
There is no retreat for us

451
00:24:08,613 --> 00:24:11,707
Tomorrow we will counterattack
They will run like rabbits

452
00:24:47,717 --> 00:24:49,059
Sounds like a carbine

453
00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:50,857
Maybe Joe is in trouble

454
00:25:09,883 --> 00:25:13,583
When the Americans come back
they find joe's body

455
00:25:14,010 --> 00:25:16,950
They assume he was killed by Carmela

456
00:25:17,129 --> 00:25:19,049
What a bitch, right?

457
00:25:19,450 --> 00:25:21,229
They don't know that she is dead too

458
00:25:21,330 --> 00:25:23,390
Shot by the Germans and thrown away

459
00:25:23,490 --> 00:25:25,269
from the edge of a cliff

460
00:25:25,370 --> 00:25:27,250
They will never understand

461
00:25:27,350 --> 00:25:28,350
<i>Never</i>

462
00:25:28,451 --> 00:25:31,541
that he sacrificed his life
to save theirs

463
00:25:32,649 --> 00:25:33,989
But we know

464
00:25:42,834 --> 00:25:45,030
I remember another Italian film

465
00:25:45,130 --> 00:25:46,888
which I saw then

466
00:25:48,050 --> 00:25:50,297
<i>Fabiola</i> captured my imagination

467
00:25:51,070 --> 00:25:54,010
It was the first Italian epic
that I saw

468
00:25:58,263 --> 00:26:00,783
It had a very complicated plot

469
00:26:01,703 --> 00:26:02,703
<i>Get me out of here</i>

470
00:26:03,747 --> 00:26:06,172
I think it got even more confusing

471
00:26:06,273 --> 00:26:09,629
by reediting and dubbing
for the US version

472
00:26:09,730 --> 00:26:12,050
Like most epics since then,

473
00:26:12,150 --> 00:26:14,530
<i>Fabiola</i> was about the conflict

474
00:26:14,631 --> 00:26:17,087
between the Roman Empire and Christianity

475
00:26:18,306 --> 00:26:21,849
What struck me the most,
it was the look of the movie

476
00:26:21,950 --> 00:26:24,662
It was different from the American color epics

477
00:26:24,763 --> 00:26:27,802
which my father used to take me
to see them then

478
00:26:27,903 --> 00:26:32,123
<i>Fabiola</i> had decorations
wonderfully detailed and sumptuous,

479
00:26:32,295 --> 00:26:33,495
with magical textures,

480
00:26:33,596 --> 00:26:36,235
which I did not see
in American movies

481
00:26:37,290 --> 00:26:39,310
It's not hard to understand why

482
00:26:39,910 --> 00:26:42,646
Italian culture
it is several thousand years old,

483
00:26:42,747 --> 00:26:45,947
while American culture
is only a few centuries old

484
00:26:47,002 --> 00:26:50,682
Our mythology is formed
from the <i>OK Corral</i> shootings

485
00:26:51,065 --> 00:26:52,065
And theirs

486
00:26:53,105 --> 00:26:55,669
from the fight of the gladiators in the Colosseum

487
00:26:56,010 --> 00:26:59,224
For American artists,
this type of images

488
00:26:59,325 --> 00:27:00,724
it would be an effort

489
00:27:01,688 --> 00:27:03,118
But for the Italians,

490
00:27:03,219 --> 00:27:05,749
it's as natural as breathing

491
00:27:07,642 --> 00:27:10,269
I remember seeing another movie on TV

492
00:27:10,370 --> 00:27:11,732
around the same time

493
00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:13,900
It was set in the Middle Ages,

494
00:27:14,210 --> 00:27:16,227
and it was called <i>La Corona di Ferro</i>

495
00:27:16,929 --> 00:27:19,692
I was too young to notice
the names of the directors,

496
00:27:19,793 --> 00:27:23,180
but many years later I found out
that both films were made

497
00:27:23,280 --> 00:27:25,650
by the same director, Alessandro Blasetti

498
00:27:25,751 --> 00:27:26,983
THE IRON CROWN

499
00:27:27,084 --> 00:27:28,930
The plot of <i>La Corona di Ferro</i>

500
00:27:29,030 --> 00:27:32,165
it was even more complicated than the one in <i>Fabiola</i>

501
00:27:32,716 --> 00:27:34,316
But it really doesn't matter,

502
00:27:35,103 --> 00:27:37,642
because I was captivated by this movie

503
00:27:39,324 --> 00:27:41,552
It was a child's dream world,

504
00:27:41,653 --> 00:27:44,038
straight out of Italian folklore

505
00:27:44,809 --> 00:27:46,749
Because the sets and costumes

506
00:27:46,850 --> 00:27:49,070
they were so beautifully crafted,

507
00:27:49,170 --> 00:27:51,370
the dream was very powerful

508
00:27:58,120 --> 00:28:00,240
<i>Paisa</i> was the real world

509
00:28:02,122 --> 00:28:04,156
but <i>La Corona di Ferro</i> was a world

510
00:28:04,257 --> 00:28:06,062
in which I could take refuge

511
00:28:09,639 --> 00:28:12,279
She was full of life, in a way

512
00:28:12,380 --> 00:28:15,409
the epics that
I was used to seeing them, they weren't

513
00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:18,190
In my childhood, both types

514
00:28:18,290 --> 00:28:21,037
of movies seemed equally realistic to me

515
00:28:22,380 --> 00:28:25,612
But <i>La Corona di Ferro</i>
he also had something surprising

516
00:28:25,713 --> 00:28:28,251
The power and terror of a fairy tale

517
00:28:28,875 --> 00:28:30,307
by the Grimm brothers

518
00:28:30,408 --> 00:28:33,036
<i>How cute. We can take them
at the palace, father ?</i>

519
00:28:33,144 --> 00:28:35,442
<i>You know how you can do them
to sing better?</i>

520
00:28:35,543 --> 00:28:37,943
<i>- How?
- With a needle. Look</i>

521
00:28:38,049 --> 00:28:39,983
<i>- What are you doing?
- I poke them in the eye</i>

522
00:28:40,051 --> 00:28:43,020
<i>- Then they will sing better?
- I don't want it!</i>

523
00:28:43,121 --> 00:28:45,681
Quiet! You will see how well they will sing</i>

524
00:28:45,757 --> 00:28:50,457
<i>How can it please you to hurt
a bird? you are bad Beastly!</i>

525
00:28:52,423 --> 00:28:56,860
<i>I don't want to be your son anymore
You are bad! Get out of here!</i>

526
00:28:57,795 --> 00:28:58,876
<i>No!</i>

527
00:28:59,420 --> 00:29:00,596
<i>What do you want?</i>

528
00:29:00,891 --> 00:29:03,600
<i>Are you the child's mother, or is she?</i>

529
00:29:23,232 --> 00:29:26,522
The ancient world captured my imagination,

530
00:29:27,877 --> 00:29:29,913
and especially ancient Rome

531
00:29:30,014 --> 00:29:32,648
This turned into a fascination

532
00:29:32,749 --> 00:29:35,579
for church history
and early Christianity

533
00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:38,060
I started collecting
comics

534
00:29:38,160 --> 00:29:40,443
with stories about the Roman Empire

535
00:29:43,423 --> 00:29:45,349
I have collected cropped pictures

536
00:29:45,450 --> 00:29:48,009
from grammar books
Latin from school

537
00:29:48,110 --> 00:29:49,149
But it wasn't enough

538
00:29:49,250 --> 00:29:50,650
I wanted to make my own films,

539
00:29:50,750 --> 00:29:51,751
my own epics

540
00:29:51,852 --> 00:29:53,330
I started drawing storyboards

541
00:29:53,430 --> 00:29:54,830
Back then, I didn't know storyboards existed

542
00:29:54,910 --> 00:29:56,522
But that was the only way I could do it

543
00:29:56,623 --> 00:30:00,617
So I made storyboards
for some imaginary movies

544
00:30:08,785 --> 00:30:11,500
Years later, I saw
some of the first

545
00:30:11,600 --> 00:30:12,758
Italian silent films

546
00:30:12,859 --> 00:30:14,078
It was a revelation

547
00:30:15,340 --> 00:30:16,960
This is a scene from <i>Cabiria</i>

548
00:30:17,207 --> 00:30:19,096
It is an epic about Carthage

549
00:30:19,197 --> 00:30:21,885
written by the Italian poet
Gabriele D'Annunzio

550
00:30:21,986 --> 00:30:25,185
<i>Cabiria</i> had a great influence
on David W. Griffith

551
00:30:25,286 --> 00:30:29,399
and was a major inspiration
for his film <i>Intolerance</i>

552
00:30:36,540 --> 00:30:38,590
I was amazed by this movie,

553
00:30:38,691 --> 00:30:40,410
of how expressive he was

554
00:30:42,406 --> 00:30:44,104
It was the same amazement

555
00:30:44,212 --> 00:30:47,084
when I first saw it
<i>Paisa</i> in the open air,

556
00:30:47,430 --> 00:30:48,818
just different

557
00:30:48,919 --> 00:30:50,936
It was like finding a secret door

558
00:30:51,037 --> 00:30:53,487
which led directly into the heart of the ancient world

559
00:30:54,186 --> 00:30:57,539
The powerful images of <i>Cabiria</i>
they could only come from

560
00:30:57,640 --> 00:31:02,180
from a country whose historical imagination
it stretched back thousands of years

561
00:31:02,526 --> 00:31:03,959
I felt like I was watching

562
00:31:04,060 --> 00:31:06,250
to a news journal from ancient Rome

563
00:31:07,193 --> 00:31:10,439
since childhood,
I discovered both extremes

564
00:31:10,540 --> 00:31:12,640
of Italian cinema,

565
00:31:12,741 --> 00:31:15,153
which in my mind
were always associated:

566
00:31:15,254 --> 00:31:16,273
The epic

567
00:31:16,595 --> 00:31:18,239
and Neorealism

568
00:31:19,825 --> 00:31:22,505
Every film is a product of its time,

569
00:31:22,606 --> 00:31:25,546
but neorealist films were
much more than that

570
00:31:25,647 --> 00:31:28,869
After neorealism, nothing will be the same

571
00:31:30,806 --> 00:31:33,146
At the end of the war, in 1945,

572
00:31:33,361 --> 00:31:36,639
Italian film industry
it was a disaster

573
00:31:36,740 --> 00:31:39,644
The Germans confiscated everything
filming equipment

574
00:31:39,745 --> 00:31:42,674
and they transformed
the <i>Cinecitta</i> studio in warehouses

575
00:31:42,846 --> 00:31:45,918
Of course they were
immediately bombarded by the allies

576
00:31:46,283 --> 00:31:48,758
And after the Germans withdrew from Rome,

577
00:31:48,859 --> 00:31:51,224
the studio became a refugee camp

578
00:31:51,380 --> 00:31:53,885
Italian filmmakers were on their own,

579
00:31:53,985 --> 00:31:56,726
with very few resources

580
00:31:57,340 --> 00:32:00,460
The Italian nation itself
he had to be reborn

581
00:32:02,878 --> 00:32:04,798
How the film industry came to be

582
00:32:04,899 --> 00:32:07,052
in complete disarray,

583
00:32:07,159 --> 00:32:09,679
to play such an important role
in this revival?

584
00:32:09,799 --> 00:32:11,085
THE EARTH SHAKES

585
00:32:11,186 --> 00:32:13,942
How did he come to represent an entire people,

586
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:17,519
desperate to redefine himself
after 20 years of fascism

587
00:32:17,620 --> 00:32:19,400
and the devastation of war?

588
00:32:19,604 --> 00:32:23,070
<i>When the bell rings the alarm in Trezza,</i>

589
00:32:23,540 --> 00:32:28,040
<i>those who have their loved ones
at sea, their hearts bleed

590
00:32:30,243 --> 00:32:32,973
If you doubted
by the power of cinema

591
00:32:33,074 --> 00:32:34,830
to transform the world

592
00:32:34,931 --> 00:32:38,197
to interact with life
and to strengthen the spirit,

593
00:32:38,531 --> 00:32:40,943
then study the example of neorealism

594
00:32:41,891 --> 00:32:43,864
What was neorealism?

595
00:32:43,965 --> 00:32:45,157
Was it a genre?

596
00:32:45,258 --> 00:32:46,616
Was it a style?

597
00:32:46,717 --> 00:32:48,610
Was there a set of rules?

598
00:32:49,030 --> 00:32:51,767
More than anything else,
it was a reaction

599
00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:54,930
at the terrible historical moment
through which Italy passed

600
00:32:55,403 --> 00:32:58,058
The neorealists had to tell the world

601
00:32:58,159 --> 00:33:00,051
what their country had gone through

602
00:33:00,790 --> 00:33:04,990
They had to break the barrier
between documentary and fiction

603
00:33:05,091 --> 00:33:07,791
In the process, they changed for good

604
00:33:07,892 --> 00:33:10,183
the rules of making films

605
00:33:15,460 --> 00:33:21,360
<i>My son, my son, my son...</i>

606
00:33:26,404 --> 00:33:29,134
<i>Son, my son...</i>

607
00:33:29,474 --> 00:33:32,068
<i>Mom, see?
I'm back. Be happy</i>

608
00:33:33,390 --> 00:33:36,747
As a whole, these movies
expressed the request

609
00:33:37,246 --> 00:33:40,695
for the rest of the world to watch carefully
to the Italian people

610
00:33:40,796 --> 00:33:43,439
and see his fundamental humanity

611
00:33:43,843 --> 00:33:45,670
That's why they had to be honest

612
00:33:45,771 --> 00:33:46,899
They had no choice

613
00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:48,890
BICYCLE THIEVES

614
00:33:48,990 --> 00:33:51,078
Neorealism is not only limited

615
00:33:51,179 --> 00:33:53,470
to bring out the best
from a bad situation

616
00:33:53,571 --> 00:33:55,243
although it was one of his goals

617
00:33:55,344 --> 00:33:56,429
No decorations?

618
00:33:56,530 --> 00:33:57,941
Use real locations

619
00:33:58,042 --> 00:33:59,775
Can't you pay real actors?

620
00:33:59,876 --> 00:34:01,201
Use amateurs

621
00:34:01,976 --> 00:34:03,716
If the people and the scenery

622
00:34:03,817 --> 00:34:06,989
I come straight from the real world,
so are the stories

623
00:34:07,724 --> 00:34:09,529
There were sets and actors

624
00:34:09,630 --> 00:34:11,356
in many of these films,

625
00:34:11,457 --> 00:34:13,190
but for the first time

626
00:34:13,293 --> 00:34:16,296
the illusion faded into the background
against reality

627
00:34:17,702 --> 00:34:19,854
Take this character, for example

628
00:34:20,255 --> 00:34:22,575
He has been unemployed for a long time

629
00:34:23,929 --> 00:34:26,501
When he finally finds a job,

630
00:34:26,602 --> 00:34:29,349
he needs only one thing
to get it

631
00:34:29,469 --> 00:34:30,469
A bicycle

632
00:34:32,008 --> 00:34:34,999
On his first day at work someone steals it,

633
00:34:35,269 --> 00:34:40,655
so he spends the whole movie
looking for her in the streets of Rome

634
00:34:40,756 --> 00:34:42,309
together with his son

635
00:34:43,075 --> 00:34:47,073
<i>Pietro, take the tram
to Monte Sacro and wait for me there</i>

636
00:34:51,589 --> 00:34:53,335
<i>What are you doing? Move!</i>

637
00:34:54,626 --> 00:34:58,509
desperate times,
it requires desperate measures

638
00:35:06,186 --> 00:35:07,384
The thief! Stop it!</i>

639
00:35:07,485 --> 00:35:09,921
<i>The thief!</i>

640
00:35:10,615 --> 00:35:13,284
<i>Stop the thief!</i>

641
00:35:20,033 --> 00:35:22,873
Neorealist directors not only
they wanted to make these movies

642
00:35:22,974 --> 00:35:24,673
They had to do them

643
00:35:25,426 --> 00:35:28,666
Above all else,
neorealism appeared

644
00:35:28,767 --> 00:35:31,441
from a moral and spiritual necessity

645
00:35:34,806 --> 00:35:38,003
<i>I'll teach you to steal more bikes!</i>

646
00:35:38,104 --> 00:35:40,668
<i>- Father! Dad!
- He must be put in prison!</i>

647
00:35:40,769 --> 00:35:42,713
<i>- Father!
- Criminal!

648
00:35:43,805 --> 00:35:45,430
<i>Scoundrel!</i>

649
00:35:45,640 --> 00:35:47,135
<i>Father!</i>

650
00:35:47,601 --> 00:35:48,929
<i>Father!</i>

651
00:36:14,573 --> 00:36:18,139
The impulse of neorealism
to do justice in life,

652
00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:21,105
he is with us even today

653
00:36:22,025 --> 00:36:24,175
I like to think of neorealism

654
00:36:24,276 --> 00:36:27,512
like the seed from which it grew
a beautiful, solid tree

655
00:36:27,613 --> 00:36:29,973
The branches of that tree represent

656
00:36:30,074 --> 00:36:33,974
all the great Italian filmmakers
from the post-war period

657
00:36:34,472 --> 00:36:37,992
For me, it is the most precious
moment in film history

658
00:36:39,546 --> 00:36:45,353
Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica,
Lucchino Visconti,

659
00:36:45,622 --> 00:36:50,491
together with their screenwriters, including:
Sergio Amidei, Federico Fellini,

660
00:36:51,113 --> 00:36:54,634
Suso Cecchi D'Amico and Cesare Zavattini

661
00:36:55,413 --> 00:36:58,387
made the films that define neorealism:

662
00:36:58,759 --> 00:37:04,547
<i>Rome open city, Paisa,
Bicycle Thieves, The Earth Quakes</i>

663
00:37:05,840 --> 00:37:08,342
These films continue to be
source of inspiration

664
00:37:08,443 --> 00:37:10,259
for filmmakers all over the world

665
00:37:10,360 --> 00:37:12,020
In the past, <i>Nouvelle Vague</i> in France,

666
00:37:12,121 --> 00:37:13,549
<i>Cinema Novo</i> in Brazil,

667
00:37:13,650 --> 00:37:15,788
and today the new directors from Iran and Taiwan,

668
00:37:15,889 --> 00:37:18,107
not to mention
by the new American directors

669
00:37:18,208 --> 00:37:20,339
especially from independent cinema

670
00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:22,800
One could say that neorealism

671
00:37:23,100 --> 00:37:25,200
it started with Roberto Rossellini

672
00:37:26,313 --> 00:37:28,062
He was born in Rome in 1906

673
00:37:28,163 --> 00:37:31,807
His father built and owned it
the first modern cinema in Rome,

674
00:37:31,908 --> 00:37:33,139
<i>Cinema Corso</i>

675
00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:35,019
When he was young, he started walking

676
00:37:35,120 --> 00:37:36,637
to the movies there every day

677
00:37:36,738 --> 00:37:38,890
Of the many films that
saw them at <i>Corso</i>,

678
00:37:39,102 --> 00:37:41,787
2 films by American director King Vidor,

679
00:37:41,888 --> 00:37:44,461
<i>The Crowd</i>, and <i>Hallelujah</i>,

680
00:37:44,578 --> 00:37:47,171
were particularly meaningful to him

681
00:37:47,272 --> 00:37:48,274
It's not surprising

682
00:37:48,375 --> 00:37:50,875
Both are great movies,
actually landmarks,

683
00:37:50,976 --> 00:37:54,731
were significant for many filmmakers,
including for me

684
00:37:55,048 --> 00:37:57,806
Rossellini's father died
when he was 26,

685
00:37:57,907 --> 00:38:00,581
so he was forced to do
something he hadn't done before

686
00:38:00,682 --> 00:38:01,936
to get a job

687
00:38:02,037 --> 00:38:03,544
That's how he got into the movie

688
00:38:03,753 --> 00:38:06,813
He started by making sound effects,
editing and dubbing

689
00:38:06,914 --> 00:38:08,974
He was drawn to documentaries

690
00:38:09,075 --> 00:38:10,549
right from the start

691
00:38:11,340 --> 00:38:14,679
His first films were
short documentaries about animals

692
00:38:14,780 --> 00:38:18,220
This topic continued
to interest him for the rest of his life

693
00:38:19,759 --> 00:38:21,904
In some of these films,

694
00:38:22,005 --> 00:38:23,478
the cameraman was Mario Bava,

695
00:38:23,579 --> 00:38:27,019
which later became
a great director of <i>horror</i> films

696
00:38:27,120 --> 00:38:30,075
It's funny to me
because I can't imagine

697
00:38:30,176 --> 00:38:32,802
two different people
working together

698
00:38:37,439 --> 00:38:40,147
Rossellini had the opportunity to do

699
00:38:40,248 --> 00:38:43,908
his first feature film in 1940,
<i>La Nave Bianca</i>

700
00:38:44,418 --> 00:38:47,417
He made only 3 more films
during the fascist period:

701
00:38:47,557 --> 00:38:49,110
<i>A Ritona Quilt,</i>

702
00:38:49,502 --> 00:38:51,055
<i>L'Uomo Dalla Croce</i>

703
00:38:51,156 --> 00:38:52,460
and <i>Desiderio</i>,

704
00:38:52,561 --> 00:38:55,232
which was finished by his friend
Marcello Pagliaro

705
00:38:55,333 --> 00:38:56,960
and launched after the war

706
00:38:57,352 --> 00:39:00,401
These films were produced
by the Italian studios

707
00:39:00,514 --> 00:39:02,282
all powerful melodramas,

708
00:39:02,412 --> 00:39:04,716
but also very conventional

709
00:39:05,653 --> 00:39:09,033
During the occupation,
Rossellini had already begun

710
00:39:09,134 --> 00:39:11,457
to imagine a new kind of film

711
00:39:15,380 --> 00:39:19,292
When you are a director, first
you have to make money

712
00:39:19,393 --> 00:39:21,165
That's how this business works

713
00:39:21,905 --> 00:39:23,585
As De Sica once said:

714
00:39:23,686 --> 00:39:25,879
<i>Not like Rossellini,
Visconti and me</i>

715
00:39:25,980 --> 00:39:27,372
<i>we would have stayed once on Via Veneto</i>

716
00:39:27,473 --> 00:39:29,279
and we would have said:
Let's create neorealism</i>

717
00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:31,603
It started with the directors

718
00:39:31,704 --> 00:39:33,765
who were trying to make their films

719
00:39:33,866 --> 00:39:35,053
<i>We are looking for money</i>

720
00:39:35,154 --> 00:39:37,274
<i>We don't have the money to finish our film</i>

721
00:39:37,375 --> 00:39:39,539
This is what De Sica remembers
that Rossellini told him

722
00:39:39,640 --> 00:39:41,139
when they met on the street

723
00:39:41,240 --> 00:39:42,559
on a day in 1945

724
00:39:42,873 --> 00:39:44,233
<i>What movie?</i>
De Sica asked

725
00:39:46,573 --> 00:39:48,040
Rossellini answered him:

726
00:39:48,141 --> 00:39:53,152
<i>It is the story of the priest Don Morricini,
the one who was executed by the fascists

727
00:39:53,599 --> 00:39:56,119
The film Rossellini was talking about,

728
00:39:56,220 --> 00:39:59,492
when it was finished it was called:
<i>Rome, Citta Aperta</i>

729
00:39:59,593 --> 00:40:00,840
ROME, OPEN CITY

730
00:40:00,953 --> 00:40:03,913
Here in America, it was called:
<i>Open City</i>

731
00:40:04,014 --> 00:40:05,658
<i>Look, father. Look!</i>

732
00:40:05,759 --> 00:40:07,034
<i>Are you satisfied?</i>

733
00:40:07,138 --> 00:40:10,870
<i>This is your Christian mercy,
your love for your fellow man?</i>

734
00:40:10,971 --> 00:40:14,595
<i>You can't save your accomplices
You will die a traitor</i>

735
00:40:14,798 --> 00:40:18,666
<i>We will destroy you all, all of you!
Until the last !</i>

736
00:40:19,550 --> 00:40:21,067
<i>You didn't speak</i>

737
00:40:24,600 --> 00:40:27,500
If neorealism
started with a single film,

738
00:40:28,409 --> 00:40:30,892
this should be it
<i>Rome, open city</i>

739
00:40:32,863 --> 00:40:36,558
Fellini called Rossellini:
<i>A great father, like Adam,</i>

740
00:40:36,836 --> 00:40:38,476
<i>who created us all</i>

741
00:40:38,875 --> 00:40:40,718
With <i>Rome, open city</i> and <i>Paisa</i>,

742
00:40:40,819 --> 00:40:42,809
he influenced cinematography
just as much

743
00:40:42,910 --> 00:40:44,009
like Griffith or Eisenstein

744
00:40:44,110 --> 00:40:46,170
Everyone seems to agree with that

745
00:40:46,271 --> 00:40:48,435
But apart from these early milestones,

746
00:40:48,536 --> 00:40:50,462
his work is not well known

747
00:40:50,563 --> 00:40:53,235
and many people who know them
later movies,

748
00:40:53,336 --> 00:40:55,249
they don't appreciate them at their true value

749
00:40:55,350 --> 00:40:57,769
For example: <i>Viaggio in Italia</i> (1953),

750
00:40:57,870 --> 00:40:59,602
which is one of my favorites

751
00:40:59,703 --> 00:41:00,728
TRIP TO ITALY

752
00:41:00,829 --> 00:41:02,954
I saw him the first time
when I was a film student

753
00:41:03,055 --> 00:41:04,629
and I was somewhat prepared to see him,

754
00:41:04,730 --> 00:41:07,151
so it immediately moved me

755
00:41:08,056 --> 00:41:09,729
Over the years, however, I found out

756
00:41:09,830 --> 00:41:12,818
that other people did not share with me
enthusiasm for the film

757
00:41:12,919 --> 00:41:16,815
Like many of Rossellini's films,
it is not easy to understand at first viewing

758
00:41:18,089 --> 00:41:19,960
But if you dedicate yourself to film,

759
00:41:20,061 --> 00:41:21,214
you give it time

760
00:41:21,315 --> 00:41:24,387
discover that it can be
a rich, emotional experience

761
00:41:24,990 --> 00:41:26,910
I think Rossellini was

762
00:41:27,010 --> 00:41:29,340
one of the few directors who became

763
00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:31,285
more adventurous as he got older,

764
00:41:31,386 --> 00:41:32,617
and that is a rare thing

765
00:41:32,718 --> 00:41:35,089
His works from the '50s, '60s and '70s

766
00:41:35,190 --> 00:41:37,430
they are equally passionate
like his neorealist films,

767
00:41:37,777 --> 00:41:39,246
It's just different

768
00:41:39,456 --> 00:41:41,216
At the age of 60, he realized

769
00:41:41,317 --> 00:41:44,757
one of his best movies:
<i>La prise de pouvoir par Louis XIV</i>

770
00:41:44,858 --> 00:41:48,220
which marked the beginning
a new and interesting direction

771
00:41:48,723 --> 00:41:51,213
Like Orson Welles with <i>Citizen Kane</i>,

772
00:41:51,314 --> 00:41:54,219
Rossellini ended up rejecting the film
<i>Rome, open city</i>

773
00:41:54,320 --> 00:41:56,458
which is not very surprising

774
00:41:57,002 --> 00:41:58,462
In mid-career,

775
00:41:58,563 --> 00:42:00,566
every time you make a new movie,

776
00:42:00,667 --> 00:42:03,468
this is compared to one
made a long time ago

777
00:42:03,569 --> 00:42:06,329
and the new work does not rise
at its level

778
00:42:06,430 --> 00:42:09,448
This can be very frustrating,
really annoying

779
00:42:09,676 --> 00:42:12,247
That doesn't change the fact that
<i>Rome, open city</i>

780
00:42:12,348 --> 00:42:13,794
it's a unique film

781
00:42:14,469 --> 00:42:19,588
in which history and cinematography
they meet to create something special

782
00:42:27,606 --> 00:42:31,606
<i>Rome, open city</i> was
a worldwide success, a phenomenon

783
00:42:32,092 --> 00:42:35,339
But it started slowly
It was first successful in France,

784
00:42:35,532 --> 00:42:38,296
then in America
and only then in Italy

785
00:42:38,397 --> 00:42:39,205
<i>What are you doing?</i>

786
00:42:39,306 --> 00:42:44,083
<i>- I will kill them all! Get out of here!
- You will kill us all. Crazy!</i>

787
00:42:44,183 --> 00:42:46,004
At that time, Life magazine wrote

788
00:42:46,105 --> 00:42:49,286
that the film helped Italy
to regain nobility

789
00:42:49,387 --> 00:42:50,719
lost under Mussolini

790
00:42:50,820 --> 00:42:53,794
It's unusual to read this about a movie

791
00:42:56,186 --> 00:42:59,727
<i>Rome, open city</i> has become

792
00:42:59,828 --> 00:43:02,012
the ambassador of the new Italy in the world

793
00:43:02,923 --> 00:43:05,316
It's a film about ordinary people:

794
00:43:05,417 --> 00:43:10,062
a priest, a pregnant woman,
a group of communist partisans

795
00:43:10,533 --> 00:43:13,393
a few children who all become heroes

796
00:43:13,813 --> 00:43:16,059
in extraordinary circumstances

797
00:43:17,676 --> 00:43:21,219
It's also a movie about
occupation and its price,

798
00:43:21,320 --> 00:43:26,120
while <i>Paisa</i> is a film about
release and its price

799
00:43:32,404 --> 00:43:35,959
Some critics and historians have considered
that the final episode of <i>Paisa</i>

800
00:43:36,060 --> 00:43:37,582
placed in the <i>Po</i> valley,

801
00:43:37,683 --> 00:43:39,995
it's the purest form of neorealism

802
00:43:40,189 --> 00:43:44,594
Lacking any dramatic artifice,
things just happen

803
00:43:45,315 --> 00:43:47,179
We are attracted more and more

804
00:43:47,280 --> 00:43:51,152
in a desperate situation
of really brave people

805
00:43:51,253 --> 00:43:53,802
Fellini, who was one of
assistants from <i>Paisa</i>,

806
00:43:53,903 --> 00:43:56,943
he said Rossellini was refusing
to be constrained by the scenario

807
00:43:57,191 --> 00:43:58,651
He sought to maintain himself

808
00:43:58,752 --> 00:44:01,772
open to all possibilities

809
00:44:02,059 --> 00:44:04,730
<i>Here is another dead partisan
Should we go after him?</i>

810
00:44:04,831 --> 00:44:07,079
<i>You should beware
of that German turret, Tudesco</i>

811
00:44:07,180 --> 00:44:08,297
<i>I don't care. I'm go</i>ing

812
00:44:08,398 --> 00:44:10,419
<i>I will bypass the beach
and I will explode that mine</i>

813
00:44:10,520 --> 00:44:13,540
Some partisans
and American and British soldiers

814
00:44:13,640 --> 00:44:15,847
they are completely isolated in the wilderness

815
00:44:15,948 --> 00:44:17,748
surrounded by Germans

816
00:44:23,687 --> 00:44:25,397
They find that they will not receive

817
00:44:25,498 --> 00:44:27,420
support from allies

818
00:44:27,520 --> 00:44:29,832
<i>You have news from headquarters
of the 15th Army?</i>

819
00:44:29,933 --> 00:44:32,752
General Alexander's command
confirmed the order</i>

820
00:44:32,853 --> 00:44:36,260
<i>ceasing operations
Partisans must go home</i>

821
00:44:36,361 --> 00:44:38,298
<i>There's another partisan in Po</i>

822
00:44:38,399 --> 00:44:41,097
<i>These people are not fighting for
British Empire,</i>

823
00:44:41,198 --> 00:44:42,840
<i>but for their lives</i>

824
00:44:43,058 --> 00:44:44,975
<i>What does the Headquarters say?</i>

825
00:44:45,076 --> 00:44:47,962
<i>I told them we would stay
isolated at any time</i>

826
00:44:48,129 --> 00:44:49,844
<i>And what the hell does he expect us to do?</i>

827
00:44:49,945 --> 00:44:51,961
<i>They know we don't have ammunition, food,</i>

828
00:44:52,131 --> 00:44:54,672
means of defense?
- I explained our situation to them

829
00:44:54,773 --> 00:44:56,981
The answer was all:
Stop any activity</i>

830
00:44:57,082 --> 00:45:00,357
<i>What do they think we will do?
We are surrounded by Germans

831
00:45:05,095 --> 00:45:07,144
<i>Madalena's house is there</i>

832
00:45:07,699 --> 00:45:08,799
<i>Let's go</i>

833
00:45:08,900 --> 00:45:12,560
They are so hungry that
they are forced to go out into the open field

834
00:45:12,624 --> 00:45:13,855
<i>Let's see who it is</i>

835
00:45:13,956 --> 00:45:15,278
It's Cigolani. Enter, Cigolani</i>

836
00:45:15,379 --> 00:45:17,158
<i>- Come in, please
- Hello, friends</i>

837
00:45:17,259 --> 00:45:19,794
<i>- What is it?
- A German was here yesterday

838
00:45:19,937 --> 00:45:22,314
<i>Let him come. I'm not afraid</i>

839
00:45:23,013 --> 00:45:25,274
<i>They know they are hidden Americans</i>

840
00:45:25,374 --> 00:45:26,374
<i>Yes</i>

841
00:45:26,474 --> 00:45:28,234
<i>I haven't lit the fire for three days</i>

842
00:45:28,335 --> 00:45:29,967
<i>because the Germans see the smoke</i>

843
00:45:30,068 --> 00:45:33,837
<i>- Yes, they are everywhere
- They are hunting us!</i>

844
00:45:35,143 --> 00:45:38,437
<i>- Do you have anything to eat?
- We only have a little pole</i>

845
00:45:38,538 --> 00:45:42,823
<i>- It can be cooked here
- There's a guy outside, an American</i>

846
00:45:42,924 --> 00:45:45,554
<i>- Can I call him?
- Call him, call him</i>

847
00:45:47,812 --> 00:45:50,112
<i>Mosquitoes bit you, boy</i>

848
00:45:50,482 --> 00:45:51,966
<i>I have something for that</i>

849
00:45:53,130 --> 00:45:55,719
The American soldier finds
a way to repay the family

850
00:45:55,820 --> 00:45:56,880
for their kindness

851
00:45:56,980 --> 00:45:57,980
<i>For the face</i>

852
00:45:58,460 --> 00:46:01,660
<i>But be careful, you have to stretch it,
to spread it</i>

853
00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:04,832
The family prepares a meal for the men

854
00:46:04,933 --> 00:46:06,408
Polenta and eels

855
00:46:06,509 --> 00:46:08,957
Eel fishing seems simple,

856
00:46:09,058 --> 00:46:11,598
choose them and then kill one

857
00:46:11,699 --> 00:46:13,556
right in front of the camera

858
00:46:15,080 --> 00:46:17,610
Just an act of everyday brutality

859
00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:20,639
It is also a way to prepare ourselves

860
00:46:20,740 --> 00:46:23,193
for what is to come

861
00:46:25,700 --> 00:46:27,736
Alan! Alan!</i>

862
00:46:30,120 --> 00:46:32,350
Damn it. The Germans are machine-gunning
Maddalena</i>'s house

863
00:46:32,456 --> 00:46:34,176
<i>Maddalena's house?</i>

864
00:46:34,875 --> 00:46:36,495
<i>They know I was there</i>

865
00:46:36,596 --> 00:46:40,445
<i>- The Germans discovered us
- Run to the boats, hurry!</i>

866
00:46:40,604 --> 00:46:43,747
This family has been compromised
of his own hospitality,

867
00:46:43,854 --> 00:46:45,257
<i>Alan, come with me!</i>

868
00:46:45,782 --> 00:46:47,702
and the Germans slaughter them

869
00:47:13,265 --> 00:47:15,965
Mom! Mother!</i>

870
00:47:27,606 --> 00:47:30,539
Fellini said that Rossellini
he knew exactly what he wanted

871
00:47:30,640 --> 00:47:32,836
during the filming of this episode

872
00:47:32,937 --> 00:47:34,909
He was determined to find a new way

873
00:47:35,010 --> 00:47:36,968
to tell a story
through film

874
00:47:37,069 --> 00:47:40,317
without being embellished
or artistically enhanced,

875
00:47:40,418 --> 00:47:43,465
where everything unfolds as in reality

876
00:47:49,550 --> 00:47:52,627
For me, this clarity of vision

877
00:47:52,728 --> 00:47:54,872
it has an almost religious impact

878
00:47:55,930 --> 00:47:58,912
As the film critic used to say
French Andre Bazin:

879
00:47:59,143 --> 00:48:01,843
<i>Rossellini directs reality</i>

880
00:48:07,240 --> 00:48:09,559
The Germans win the skirmish

881
00:48:09,660 --> 00:48:12,645
and separates the allied soldiers from the partisans

882
00:48:13,052 --> 00:48:15,772
They treat the partisans as traitors

883
00:48:15,873 --> 00:48:19,313
unworthy of the respect due
prisoners of war

884
00:48:19,414 --> 00:48:21,045
<i>What are you going to do with these partisans</i>

885
00:48:21,146 --> 00:48:22,566
<i>tied up like animals?</i>

886
00:48:22,667 --> 00:48:24,632
<i>No international law
it does not protect the partisans</i>

887
00:48:24,733 --> 00:48:25,939
<i>They are not considered soldiers,</i>

888
00:48:26,039 --> 00:48:26,920
<i>they are just outlaws</i>

889
00:48:27,020 --> 00:48:28,640
<i>What about the two from San Marco?</i>

890
00:48:28,740 --> 00:48:30,096
<i>I'm from the Italian army</i>

891
00:48:30,197 --> 00:48:31,944
<i>No, we do not recognize it
Badoglio</i>'s government

892
00:48:32,045 --> 00:48:33,399
<i>What are you going to do with them?</i>

893
00:48:33,500 --> 00:48:35,947
<i>Awaiting orders from headquarters</i>

894
00:48:36,513 --> 00:48:40,499
<i>My family will never know
what happened to me</i>

895
00:48:43,620 --> 00:48:46,054
<i>It's the same for everyone.</i>

896
00:49:17,754 --> 00:49:20,655
<i>This was happening in the winter of 1944</i>

897
00:49:21,274 --> 00:49:24,366
<i>At the beginning of spring,
the war is over</i>

898
00:49:25,700 --> 00:49:31,700
<i>End</i>

899
00:49:35,038 --> 00:49:40,567
<i>This film, shot in Berlin
in the summer of 1947,</i>

900
00:49:40,677 --> 00:49:45,580
It just wants to be an objective portrait
of a big city</i>

901
00:49:45,682 --> 00:49:47,650
<i>now almost destroyed,</i>

902
00:49:47,751 --> 00:49:53,394
<i>where 3.5 million people
they have a desperate life

903
00:49:53,495 --> 00:49:57,354
In 1947, Rossellini went to Berlin
to make the movie:

904
00:49:57,455 --> 00:49:59,614
<i>Germany, year zero</i>

905
00:49:59,715 --> 00:50:02,490
the last of his post-war trilogy

906
00:50:03,330 --> 00:50:05,374
It's about a little boy named Edmund,

907
00:50:05,475 --> 00:50:07,442
trying to survive

908
00:50:07,543 --> 00:50:09,860
in a world completely destroyed by war

909
00:50:16,456 --> 00:50:20,120
Edmund has nothing,
not even hope

910
00:50:21,052 --> 00:50:23,929
In this world of corruption
and of endless horror,

911
00:50:24,149 --> 00:50:26,230
the only rule is survival

912
00:50:28,510 --> 00:50:30,915
All the conflicting forces around him,

913
00:50:31,016 --> 00:50:33,955
determines Edmund
to do the unthinkable,

914
00:50:34,056 --> 00:50:35,888
to kill his sick father

915
00:50:35,989 --> 00:50:38,414
who lost his will to live

916
00:50:38,966 --> 00:50:41,486
For him, it's an act of mercy

917
00:50:42,370 --> 00:50:46,250
Once he did,
all that's left is despair

918
00:50:48,136 --> 00:50:50,555
Compared to previous films,

919
00:50:50,656 --> 00:50:53,200
<i>Germany Anno Zero</i> is slightly uninvolved

920
00:50:53,767 --> 00:50:56,610
But I think Rossellini
had to remain objective,

921
00:50:56,710 --> 00:50:58,723
because he introduces us

922
00:50:58,824 --> 00:51:00,670
a terrible reality

923
00:51:01,636 --> 00:51:03,350
Try to imagine

924
00:51:03,450 --> 00:51:06,730
as it was in Germany after the war,
after their entire culture

925
00:51:06,830 --> 00:51:08,196
it self-destructed

926
00:51:08,905 --> 00:51:11,312
What would it be like to be an innocent

927
00:51:12,609 --> 00:51:14,599
in a guilty world?

928
00:51:27,893 --> 00:51:32,066
For me, <i>Germany Anno Zero</i>
it's a film of real compassion

929
00:51:35,793 --> 00:51:38,793
Edmund's death is a lonely sacrifice,

930
00:51:38,894 --> 00:51:40,617
just like Carmilla's

931
00:51:40,718 --> 00:51:43,276
In fact, sacrifice is what binds

932
00:51:43,377 --> 00:51:45,208
the 3 films in the trilogy

933
00:51:47,360 --> 00:51:50,982
I think Rossellini was begging
the nations of post-war Europe

934
00:51:51,083 --> 00:51:54,892
to find sympathy and tolerance
for their former enemy,

935
00:51:54,993 --> 00:51:57,701
to be able to move forward together

936
00:51:58,306 --> 00:52:00,926
I don't think anyone else had the guts

937
00:52:01,027 --> 00:52:03,413
to make such a film in 1947

938
00:52:06,804 --> 00:52:10,244
After <i>Germany Anno Zero</i>,
Rossellini did something different

939
00:52:10,345 --> 00:52:13,085
a story called <i>The Miracle</i>

940
00:52:15,503 --> 00:52:19,358
Federico Fellini wrote the script,
and this is Fellini,

941
00:52:19,459 --> 00:52:21,230
playing the part of a vagabond

942
00:52:21,710 --> 00:52:24,290
<i>Il Miracolo</i> is a showcase for Anna Magnani

943
00:52:24,391 --> 00:52:26,535
The film is unthinkable without her

944
00:52:26,636 --> 00:52:30,126
Play the role of a shepherdess,
a woman of limited intelligence,

945
00:52:30,227 --> 00:52:31,826
but with an infinite faith

946
00:52:31,927 --> 00:52:33,526
<i>Jesus, Joseph and Mary</i>

947
00:52:35,359 --> 00:52:37,974
<i>Why are you leaving?
Don't leave, don't</i>

948
00:52:38,455 --> 00:52:39,979
<i>Can I talk to you?</i>

949
00:52:40,179 --> 00:52:41,900
<i>God, what a comfort!</i>

950
00:52:42,283 --> 00:52:46,477
How beautiful, my beautiful saint!
I am so happy. What a joy!

951
00:52:46,578 --> 00:52:48,870
<i>You make me want to die, that's it</i>

952
00:52:48,971 --> 00:52:53,127
<i>Then take me with you to Heaven,
to contemplate God</i>

953
00:52:53,600 --> 00:52:55,630
<i>Il Miracolo</i> is about faith,

954
00:52:55,856 --> 00:52:58,843
a running theme in Rossellini's work,
at that time

955
00:52:58,944 --> 00:53:00,804
I think he was trying to ask:

956
00:53:00,905 --> 00:53:03,629
<i>How faith can survive
world war</i>

957
00:53:03,730 --> 00:53:05,117
<i>and the horrors of the holocaust?</i>

958
00:53:05,218 --> 00:53:07,572
<i>You passed through the village,
and no one saw you?</i>

959
00:53:07,684 --> 00:53:11,280
Sure. They are worthless
They are not worthy like me</i>

960
00:53:11,921 --> 00:53:15,764
<i>You know what they always tell me?
That crazy people don't go to heaven</i>

961
00:53:16,326 --> 00:53:17,483
<i>For me?</i>

962
00:53:18,189 --> 00:53:20,977
She is convinced that he is St. Joseph,

963
00:53:24,392 --> 00:53:28,058
but he is not holy and takes advantage
to the maximum of the situation

964
00:53:28,383 --> 00:53:30,351
<i>This is heaven</i>

965
00:53:30,654 --> 00:53:32,361
<i>It's heaven on earth</i>

966
00:53:33,415 --> 00:53:35,445
<i>The mad woman received grace</i>

967
00:53:36,499 --> 00:53:39,185
<i>I feel bad</i>

968
00:53:49,872 --> 00:53:53,299
It takes him a while to realize
what actually happened to him

969
00:53:57,886 --> 00:54:00,291
<i>Nanni, do you know you are pregnant?</i>

970
00:54:00,392 --> 00:54:03,466
<i>- How?
- Yes, you are pregnant</i>

971
00:54:08,213 --> 00:54:09,641
When he realizes

972
00:54:09,834 --> 00:54:12,700
believes that the Baby Jesus will be born

973
00:54:12,801 --> 00:54:15,298
<i>Let me go, don't touch me!</i>

974
00:54:16,290 --> 00:54:18,027
<i>It is the grace of God</i>

975
00:54:20,670 --> 00:54:23,690
The homeless people he stays with,
I throw her out

976
00:54:25,289 --> 00:54:28,610
The people in the city don't
absolutely no sympathy for her

977
00:54:28,711 --> 00:54:30,691
<i>Do you know who she thinks she is?</i>

978
00:54:31,190 --> 00:54:33,133
To them, she's just crazy

979
00:54:41,873 --> 00:54:44,553
Everyone is amused by the miracle

980
00:54:44,820 --> 00:54:46,880
which is about to happen

981
00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:57,700
But then, a miracle does happen

982
00:54:59,340 --> 00:55:00,600
A child is born

983
00:55:02,360 --> 00:55:03,700
The miracle is life

984
00:55:07,104 --> 00:55:09,559
<i>Il Miracolo</i> seems such a simple film,

985
00:55:09,660 --> 00:55:13,614
but it's special because,
without drawing attention to it,

986
00:55:13,893 --> 00:55:18,184
Rossellini communicates something essential
about the nature of sin

987
00:55:18,787 --> 00:55:20,409
It's part of who we are,

988
00:55:20,510 --> 00:55:22,606
and can never be eliminated

989
00:55:22,707 --> 00:55:27,126
For him, Christianity is meaningless
if he cannot accept sin

990
00:55:27,346 --> 00:55:29,306
and does not allow redemption

991
00:55:30,195 --> 00:55:33,217
He tried to show us
that this woman's sin

992
00:55:33,318 --> 00:55:36,119
like her madness, it's nothing in comparison

993
00:55:36,220 --> 00:55:37,697
with her humanity

994
00:55:39,373 --> 00:55:41,186
This movie was the cause

995
00:55:41,287 --> 00:55:45,359
one of the biggest scandals
from the history of American cinema

996
00:55:45,460 --> 00:55:48,713
When <i>Il Miracolo</i> premiered
at the <i>Paris</i> cinema in Manhattan,

997
00:55:48,814 --> 00:55:51,966
Cardinal Spellman, who was
cardinal of New York at the time,

998
00:55:52,067 --> 00:55:55,426
and the Legion of Decency, which was
catholic watchdog organization,

999
00:55:55,527 --> 00:55:58,285
they called the film a blasphemous parody

1000
00:55:58,386 --> 00:56:01,692
and organized a campaign for
to be withdrawn from cinemas

1001
00:56:01,793 --> 00:56:04,033
Joseph Burstyn,
the film's US distributor,

1002
00:56:04,134 --> 00:56:05,953
took the case all the way to the Supreme Court

1003
00:56:06,054 --> 00:56:10,023
On May 26, 1952, the court decided
in his favor

1004
00:56:10,799 --> 00:56:12,782
They claimed that the films have the right

1005
00:56:12,883 --> 00:56:15,057
to the same freedom of expression
like the press

1006
00:56:15,158 --> 00:56:17,467
and they completely eliminated the idea of blasphemy

1007
00:56:17,568 --> 00:56:18,981
as a reason for censorship

1008
00:56:19,607 --> 00:56:22,062
I also had problems with censorship,

1009
00:56:22,163 --> 00:56:24,590
so I know from my own experience

1010
00:56:24,693 --> 00:56:26,951
what an epochal decision this was

1011
00:56:27,306 --> 00:56:29,317
<i>Il Miracolo</i> caused a scandal,

1012
00:56:29,418 --> 00:56:31,979
but it was nothing compared to what
it happened a year later

1013
00:56:32,080 --> 00:56:33,467
with <i>Stromboli</i>

1014
00:56:34,666 --> 00:56:37,275
<i>Stromboli</i> was the first Italian film

1015
00:56:37,376 --> 00:56:39,479
which I saw
on a big screen at the cinema

1016
00:56:39,580 --> 00:56:40,580
<i>Stromboli, God's Country</i>

1017
00:56:40,600 --> 00:56:42,251
Even at the age of 7,

1018
00:56:42,367 --> 00:56:45,180
I could feel the atmosphere
of scandal surrounding the film

1019
00:56:45,693 --> 00:56:47,373
You could almost taste it

1020
00:56:47,474 --> 00:56:48,927
right there in the cinema

1021
00:56:50,500 --> 00:56:54,708
Of course, I had heard my parents
talking about him

1022
00:56:55,026 --> 00:56:56,987
Rossellini and his star Ingrid Bergman

1023
00:56:57,088 --> 00:57:00,136
they had an affair and then a child
outside of marriage

1024
00:57:00,237 --> 00:57:02,237
Today doesn't seem like a big deal,

1025
00:57:02,338 --> 00:57:03,836
but then it was

1026
00:57:03,947 --> 00:57:06,115
They were condemned all over America

1027
00:57:06,216 --> 00:57:07,935
and not just the church

1028
00:57:08,353 --> 00:57:11,361
They were convicted in the US Senate

1029
00:57:24,320 --> 00:57:27,167
Like <i>Il Miracolo</i>,
<i>Stromboli</i> was centered

1030
00:57:27,268 --> 00:57:29,314
around a woman and her story

1031
00:57:29,415 --> 00:57:31,470
That was a problem for critics

1032
00:57:31,571 --> 00:57:33,905
who considered that Rossellini
he had gone too far

1033
00:57:34,006 --> 00:57:35,483
of pure neorealism

1034
00:57:36,320 --> 00:57:38,180
The fact that the woman was played

1035
00:57:38,280 --> 00:57:40,985
by Ingrid Bergman, one of the greats
hollywood stars,

1036
00:57:41,086 --> 00:57:42,736
made things worse

1037
00:57:43,146 --> 00:57:46,686
Rossellini had betrayed the movement
which he had helped to appear

1038
00:57:47,196 --> 00:57:49,580
He had evolved and matured as an artist,

1039
00:57:49,680 --> 00:57:51,926
but the people were very angry with him

1040
00:57:52,040 --> 00:57:55,246
so <i>Stromboli</i> brought him trouble
on both sides of the Atlantic

1041
00:57:55,347 --> 00:57:56,911
<i>Why are you laughing?</i>

1042
00:57:57,180 --> 00:57:58,439
<i>You are so crazy</i>

1043
00:57:58,540 --> 00:58:00,252
<i>You know nothing about me</i>

1044
00:58:00,353 --> 00:58:02,515
<i>We talked a few times
over the barbed wire,</i>

1045
00:58:02,616 --> 00:58:04,709
<i>and now you want to marry me?</i>

1046
00:58:04,810 --> 00:58:05,810
<i>Sure</i>

1047
00:58:06,233 --> 00:58:08,692
Now, 50 years later

1048
00:58:08,793 --> 00:58:11,500
controversies and criticisms have disappeared,

1049
00:58:11,601 --> 00:58:13,968
and we can look at the film objectively

1050
00:58:14,433 --> 00:58:16,540
In the movie, Ingrid Bergman
she is a Lithuanian refugee

1051
00:58:16,641 --> 00:58:18,435
named Karen

1052
00:58:18,653 --> 00:58:21,190
She's stuck in a camp
of Italian prisoners

1053
00:58:21,291 --> 00:58:22,958
and cannot return home

1054
00:58:23,059 --> 00:58:25,962
because he had a romantic relationship
with a German soldier

1055
00:58:26,063 --> 00:58:28,570
His visa application for Argentina
was rejected

1056
00:58:28,671 --> 00:58:31,744
Italy does not want to receive it,
so he has nowhere to go

1057
00:58:31,845 --> 00:58:32,971
<i>Your occupation?</i>

1058
00:58:33,072 --> 00:58:34,248
<i>None</i>

1059
00:58:36,733 --> 00:58:40,236
One of the Italian prisoners,
who is a Sicilian fisherman

1060
00:58:40,493 --> 00:58:42,473
offers him a solution

1061
00:58:43,916 --> 00:58:46,355
But then, she sees where they will live

1062
00:58:46,649 --> 00:58:48,262
<i>The Volcano</i>

1063
00:58:50,472 --> 00:58:53,868
In Stromboli, an isolated island
from the coast of Sicily

1064
00:58:54,015 --> 00:58:55,807
<i>- Is it always active?
- Yes</i>

1065
00:58:56,378 --> 00:58:59,454
<i>Look, the stones fall into the sea</i>

1066
00:59:00,847 --> 00:59:05,499
He realizes that he just entered
in another kind of prison

1067
00:59:06,500 --> 00:59:08,450
<i>It's a ghost island</i>

1068
00:59:10,589 --> 00:59:11,997
<i>My land</i>

1069
00:59:13,094 --> 00:59:14,207
<i>See?</i>

1070
00:59:14,308 --> 00:59:16,852
Rossellini described Karen as:

1071
00:59:17,079 --> 00:59:18,179
<i>Leave me alone</i>

1072
00:59:18,280 --> 00:59:20,424
<i>A woman passed by
through the trials of war</i>

1073
00:59:20,525 --> 00:59:22,456
<i>She came out of it wounded and hardened,</i>

1074
00:59:22,557 --> 00:59:24,601
<i>doesn't know what a human feeling is anymore</i>

1075
00:59:24,702 --> 00:59:26,722
<i>I don't care about your barley,</i>

1076
00:59:27,087 --> 00:59:30,101
<i>or by your vines,
or your new land</i>

1077
00:59:31,296 --> 00:59:34,349
<i>I want to leave this island
and to go away,</i>

1078
00:59:34,815 --> 00:59:36,634
<i>like all those who lived here</i>

1079
00:59:36,735 --> 00:59:39,112
<i>They were born here and went far</i>

1080
00:59:39,353 --> 00:59:41,065
<i>But what about you?</i>

1081
00:59:42,005 --> 00:59:43,239
<i>What is it?</i>

1082
00:59:44,447 --> 00:59:47,709
<i>Listen, this is my house!
You are my wife!</i>

1083
00:59:47,810 --> 00:59:50,385
<i>You stay here because that's what I want</i>

1084
00:59:53,253 --> 00:59:55,532
every morning
her husband goes to sea

1085
00:59:55,633 --> 00:59:57,077
with the other fishermen

1086
00:59:57,773 --> 01:00:00,329
One day, she goes to the beach

1087
01:00:00,436 --> 01:00:02,115
A man comes

1088
01:00:02,315 --> 01:00:04,525
and shows him how to look for fish

1089
01:00:10,610 --> 01:00:13,168
Although everything is innocent,

1090
01:00:13,634 --> 01:00:15,882
this is happening in the eyes of the islanders

1091
01:00:15,983 --> 01:00:18,083
For them it is unthinkable

1092
01:00:18,203 --> 01:00:19,413
It's unforgivable

1093
01:00:20,850 --> 01:00:23,434
She does not know that she dishonored her husband

1094
01:00:23,535 --> 01:00:25,081
<i>Cuckold!</i>

1095
01:00:25,729 --> 01:00:28,275
When I was a child, I didn't understand much

1096
01:00:28,376 --> 01:00:30,329
from what was happening on the screen

1097
01:00:30,430 --> 01:00:31,890
But I understood this part

1098
01:00:31,990 --> 01:00:35,052
<i>Cuckold!</i>

1099
01:00:36,540 --> 01:00:39,029
Actually, my brother explained it to me

1100
01:00:41,826 --> 01:00:45,386
Remember, this is a society
very small, closed

1101
01:00:46,900 --> 01:00:49,131
They are isolated on this island

1102
01:00:49,820 --> 01:00:51,080
<i>There's food on the table</i>

1103
01:00:51,181 --> 01:00:52,760
<i>I don't want to eat</i>

1104
01:00:53,792 --> 01:00:55,019
<i>What about you?</i>

1105
01:00:58,559 --> 01:01:01,950
In this world, when you lose your
respect as a man

1106
01:01:02,051 --> 01:01:03,651
it's a real tragedy

1107
01:01:12,950 --> 01:01:15,804
She gets so desperate,
that he will do absolutely anything

1108
01:01:15,905 --> 01:01:17,149
to leave the island

1109
01:01:17,250 --> 01:01:18,670
<i>You are a good man</i>

1110
01:01:21,189 --> 01:01:23,602
So he pays the priest a visit,

1111
01:01:23,703 --> 01:01:27,109
who offers to help her
and her husband to emigrate

1112
01:01:27,210 --> 01:01:29,350
But she wants to be sure that he will help her

1113
01:01:29,450 --> 01:01:30,450
<i>You are...</i>

1114
01:01:30,550 --> 01:01:33,010
<i>you are a sensitive, experienced person</i>

1115
01:01:34,390 --> 01:01:35,950
<i>I'm just a poor priest</i>

1116
01:01:36,469 --> 01:01:38,501
watching the scene
although I was very young

1117
01:01:38,602 --> 01:01:40,720
I could tell by the body language

1118
01:01:40,821 --> 01:01:42,936
that something forbidden is happening

1119
01:01:43,270 --> 01:01:45,850
<i>You are the only one who can console me</i>

1120
01:01:45,970 --> 01:01:47,468
<i>I'm just the parish priest</i>

1121
01:01:47,569 --> 01:01:48,910
<i>of a fishing village</i>

1122
01:01:49,010 --> 01:01:50,769
<i>But your human qualities, I can see them</i>

1123
01:01:50,870 --> 01:01:52,027
<i>I am a priest</i>

1124
01:01:52,378 --> 01:01:54,721
<i>and I can only help you through confession</i>

1125
01:01:54,822 --> 01:01:56,262
<i>or through prayer</i>

1126
01:01:58,356 --> 01:01:59,629
<i>You...</i>

1127
01:01:59,942 --> 01:02:01,250
<i>All I have for you</i>

1128
01:02:01,350 --> 01:02:03,115
<i>it's a deep feeling of pity</i>

1129
01:02:03,216 --> 01:02:04,863
<i>May the Lord guide you</i>

1130
01:02:05,056 --> 01:02:06,283
<i>Gather</i>

1131
01:02:06,636 --> 01:02:07,896
<i>Meditate</i>

1132
01:02:08,216 --> 01:02:09,450
<i>Think</i>

1133
01:02:13,795 --> 01:02:16,605
Tuna catching scene
is the center of the whole movie,

1134
01:02:16,706 --> 01:02:18,126
his heart

1135
01:02:20,300 --> 01:02:24,300
You slowly enter the core
the existence of these people

1136
01:02:25,232 --> 01:02:26,392
The prayer

1137
01:02:27,213 --> 01:02:28,367
The waiting

1138
01:02:37,000 --> 01:02:38,698
<i>Wait, we have a fish</i>

1139
01:02:38,799 --> 01:02:41,943
It's as if the camera was there
thousands of years ago

1140
01:02:42,044 --> 01:02:44,882
to record an ancient ritual
of obtaining food,

1141
01:02:44,983 --> 01:02:47,067
long before history was written

1142
01:02:47,168 --> 01:02:49,466
when it was still being broadcast

1143
01:02:49,567 --> 01:02:51,501
from one generation to another

1144
01:02:56,900 --> 01:03:00,593
It is about the sacredness of feeding
as a community act

1145
01:03:00,694 --> 01:03:03,272
and procurement of food
along with your people

1146
01:03:03,373 --> 01:03:06,314
Food is sacred, a gift from God

1147
01:03:20,729 --> 01:03:22,482
The scene is quite long

1148
01:03:23,230 --> 01:03:26,215
It builds slowly, like a piece of music

1149
01:04:56,932 --> 01:04:58,438
<i>Jesus and Mary</i>

1150
01:04:58,539 --> 01:04:59,919
<i>Jesus and Mary</i>

1151
01:05:00,020 --> 01:05:02,381
<i>Thank you Jesus, thank you Mary</i>

1152
01:05:02,552 --> 01:05:04,664
<i>God is with us</i>

1153
01:05:05,354 --> 01:05:07,080
<i>Did you like fishing?</i>

1154
01:05:08,940 --> 01:05:10,320
<i>No, it was terrible</i>

1155
01:05:10,793 --> 01:05:12,093
<i>What happened?</i>

1156
01:05:12,820 --> 01:05:14,140
<i>I don't feel well</i>

1157
01:05:15,046 --> 01:05:16,279
<i>Why?</i>

1158
01:05:20,910 --> 01:05:21,910
<i>Do you think that...?</i>

1159
01:05:23,710 --> 01:05:24,710
<i>Maybe...?</i>

1160
01:05:24,943 --> 01:05:26,803
<i>Yes, 3 months have passed</i>

1161
01:05:27,690 --> 01:05:29,604
<i>I think I'm pregnant</i>

1162
01:05:30,040 --> 01:05:33,790
<i>Karen, God, I'm so happy</i>

1163
01:05:39,803 --> 01:05:42,363
When the volcano threatens to erupt,

1164
01:05:42,464 --> 01:05:45,684
the islanders go out with the boats
and waits for it to pass

1165
01:05:46,583 --> 01:05:49,015
<i>- St. Jerome
- Pray for us</i>

1166
01:05:49,116 --> 01:05:51,677
<i>- St. Maarten
- Pray for us</i>

1167
01:05:51,781 --> 01:05:54,210
<i>- St. Nicolas
- Pray for us</i>

1168
01:05:55,403 --> 01:05:57,563
For them, this is normal

1169
01:06:16,412 --> 01:06:19,236
But Karen has reached her limit,

1170
01:06:19,800 --> 01:06:21,447
he can't take it anymore

1171
01:06:22,409 --> 01:06:23,518
<i>Antonio!</i>

1172
01:06:23,619 --> 01:06:24,719
<i>Open!</i>

1173
01:06:25,646 --> 01:06:27,049
<i>Antonio!</i>

1174
01:06:27,408 --> 01:06:29,507
The only way to leave the island

1175
01:06:29,608 --> 01:06:31,638
is to walk over the volcano

1176
01:06:32,123 --> 01:06:35,230
to reach a vessel
from the other side

1177
01:06:36,279 --> 01:06:38,812
Due to the presence
Ingrid Bergman in the film,

1178
01:06:38,913 --> 01:06:41,248
<i>Stromboli</i> was produced by <i>RKO</i>,

1179
01:06:41,349 --> 01:06:44,209
owned at the time by Howard Hughes,

1180
01:06:44,446 --> 01:06:46,894
who didn't know what to do with the film,

1181
01:06:46,995 --> 01:06:48,973
so he cut 25 minutes

1182
01:06:49,306 --> 01:06:52,974
and inserted a voice from <i>off</i> at the end,
to tie things up

1183
01:06:53,206 --> 01:06:56,793
assuring us that she is returning to her husband

1184
01:07:01,920 --> 01:07:05,459
But in Rossellini's version,
it's an open ending

1185
01:07:17,850 --> 01:07:20,866
What happens to Karen up on the volcano?

1186
01:07:22,523 --> 01:07:25,731
Rossellini once said
that it was important to find out

1187
01:07:25,832 --> 01:07:28,246
if this woman can cry any longer

1188
01:07:28,347 --> 01:07:29,647
<i>I'm going to kill myself</i>

1189
01:07:35,073 --> 01:07:36,608
<i>I have no courage</i>

1190
01:07:36,709 --> 01:07:37,816
But there is something else

1191
01:07:38,483 --> 01:07:39,909
<i>I can't</i>

1192
01:07:58,440 --> 01:08:02,244
She is a woman who has passed
through terrible trials

1193
01:08:03,196 --> 01:08:06,270
and who now has a child,
that grows in it

1194
01:08:08,873 --> 01:08:10,473
At the edge of the volcano

1195
01:08:10,574 --> 01:08:13,841
she wakes up in a new
spiritual reality

1196
01:08:21,910 --> 01:08:23,134
<i>Oh my God!</i>

1197
01:08:25,166 --> 01:08:28,135
It doesn't matter if she goes back to her husband

1198
01:08:31,686 --> 01:08:34,193
The film is about her journey,

1199
01:08:34,351 --> 01:08:37,242
one that many of us
we could have done it

1200
01:08:37,343 --> 01:08:39,055
in different moments of our life

1201
01:08:39,156 --> 01:08:40,296
<i>What a mystery</i>

1202
01:08:41,276 --> 01:08:44,896
Suffering, acceptance, transcendence

1203
01:08:45,890 --> 01:08:47,083
<i>What a beauty</i>

1204
01:08:49,176 --> 01:08:51,145
and finally, peace

1205
01:09:01,231 --> 01:09:05,631
<i>Germany Anno Zero</i> is about
loss or absence of faith

1206
01:09:06,633 --> 01:09:10,570
<i>Stromboli</i> is about a woman
who discovers faith

1207
01:09:12,709 --> 01:09:16,289
Rossellini made a film about faith,

1208
01:09:16,966 --> 01:09:18,963
about embracing faith

1209
01:09:19,411 --> 01:09:22,686
Together with Fellini, he adapted
<i>Francisco, the troubadour of God</i>,

1210
01:09:22,787 --> 01:09:25,527
a book written in the 14th century

1211
01:09:26,520 --> 01:09:28,817
In the wake of the world tragedy,

1212
01:09:28,918 --> 01:09:33,522
St. Francis' example of love
unconditional for any living being

1213
01:09:34,199 --> 01:09:36,331
it became a real emergency

1214
01:09:38,119 --> 01:09:40,836
I had never seen the life of a saint before

1215
01:09:40,937 --> 01:09:43,533
treated so frivolously in a movie

1216
01:09:46,219 --> 01:09:47,680
and with so much affection

1217
01:09:47,781 --> 01:09:49,277
<i>Is anyone here?</i>

1218
01:09:49,571 --> 01:09:51,535
<i>What do you need, brother?</i>

1219
01:09:54,457 --> 01:09:55,890
<i>You are so handsome!</i>

1220
01:09:56,256 --> 01:09:57,583
<i>What do you need?</i>

1221
01:09:57,693 --> 01:10:01,655
<i>- Where is your boss?
- You can talk to me, it's the same</i>thing

1222
01:10:02,076 --> 01:10:04,260
<i>I want to stay with Francisco</i>

1223
01:10:04,793 --> 01:10:09,348
<i>- What do you want to do with the cow?
- I want to give it to the brothers</i>

1224
01:10:12,700 --> 01:10:15,830
<i>- The cow is ours!
- Grandfather has gone mad!</i>

1225
01:10:15,931 --> 01:10:19,172
<i>- Okay, okay, what's the problem?
- We can't give the cow like that

1226
01:10:19,273 --> 01:10:22,198
<i>Keep your cow
We don't need her

1227
01:10:22,690 --> 01:10:25,265
<i>- Go away
- Keep the old man

1228
01:10:25,366 --> 01:10:27,779
<i>Here you have to work
more than before</i>

1229
01:10:27,880 --> 01:10:29,080
<i>Yes, I want to work</i>

1230
01:10:29,180 --> 01:10:30,860
<i>For you, your relatives are like death</i>

1231
01:10:30,960 --> 01:10:31,780
<i>Death</i>

1232
01:10:31,880 --> 01:10:34,424
<i>And you will have to be humble,
to preach, to work</i>

1233
01:10:34,544 --> 01:10:36,668
<i>To preach, to work, everything</i>

1234
01:10:37,120 --> 01:10:39,515
<i>Will it be difficult for you to leave your family?</i>

1235
01:10:39,616 --> 01:10:40,759
<i>Hard</i>

1236
01:10:40,860 --> 01:10:42,385
<i>What do you want from Francisco?</i>

1237
01:10:42,486 --> 01:10:44,926
<i>I want to be a saint, like Francisco</i>

1238
01:10:45,173 --> 01:10:46,193
<i>I am Francisco</i>

1239
01:10:46,294 --> 01:10:47,694
<i>Francisco!</i>

1240
01:10:47,860 --> 01:10:48,860
<i>- Let's go</i>

1241
01:10:49,714 --> 01:10:53,093
<i>Francisco, the troubadour of God</i>
it was filmed in the early 1950s

1242
01:10:53,194 --> 01:10:54,657
in the mountains around Rome

1243
01:10:54,758 --> 01:10:57,318
<i>- He is our new brother
- What's his name?

1244
01:10:57,419 --> 01:10:59,557
Giovanni
- His name is Giovanni

1245
01:11:00,746 --> 01:11:05,015
Rossellini used real monks
for the main roles

1246
01:11:05,360 --> 01:11:07,319
The film is a series of episodes

1247
01:11:07,420 --> 01:11:10,208
about the life of St. Francis
and his brothers

1248
01:11:10,309 --> 01:11:12,838
<i>- What about you?
- Poor him, he's cold

1249
01:11:12,939 --> 01:11:13,939
<i>Cover it</i>

1250
01:11:14,979 --> 01:11:17,552
These episodes serve as parables